Java DSL cheatsheet

Quarkus Flow uses the CNCF Workflow Java Fluent DSL to define workflows in code. This page shows:

  • how to define a workflow class,

  • the complete set of chainable task providers from the DSL (the ones you pass directly into workflow(…​).tasks(…​)), and

  • how to shape data with transformations: inputFrom, outputAs, and exportAs.

Source of truth for the DSL classes:

  • Builder: io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.spec.FuncWorkflowBuilder

  • Shortcuts (task providers): io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.dsl.FuncDSL (import statically)

  • Transformations: io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.spi.FuncTransformations and io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.spi.FuncTaskTransformations

  • HTTP / OpenAPI steps: io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.dsl.FuncCallHttpStep, io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.dsl.FuncCallOpenAPIStep

Define a workflow class (required)

Workflows are discovered at build time from CDI beans that extend io.quarkiverse.flow.Flow and override descriptor().

package org.acme;

import static io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.dsl.FuncDSL.set;

import java.util.Map;

import jakarta.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped;

import io.quarkiverse.flow.Flow;
import io.serverlessworkflow.api.types.Workflow;
import io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.FuncWorkflowBuilder;

@ApplicationScoped
public class HelloWorkflow extends Flow {
    @Override
    public Workflow descriptor() {
        return FuncWorkflowBuilder.workflow("hello")
                // setting the workflow context with a map carrying a message.
                // it can be translated to JSON as { "message": "hello world!" }
                .tasks(set(Map.of("message", "hello world!")))
                .build();
    }
}

Setup (imports)

import io.serverlessworkflow.api.types.Workflow;
import io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.spec.FuncWorkflowBuilder;

// Static imports recommended for brevity:
import static io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.dsl.FuncDSL.*;
import static io.serverlessworkflow.fluent.func.spec.FuncWorkflowBuilder.workflow;

Complete task providers (chainable)

All helpers below return a chainable provider/step (e.g., FuncTaskConfigurer, FuncCallStep, EmitStep, ListenStep, ConsumeStep, FuncCallHttpStep, FuncCallOpenAPIStep) so you can pass them straight into .tasks(…​):

Method Returns What it does Example

set(String expr)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Set/merge into data context using jq-style JSON expression.

set("{ message: \"hello\" }")

set(Map<String,Object> map)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Set/merge from a map (useful in Java without inline JSON).

set(Map.of("flag", true, "count", 0))

function(Function<T,R> fn)

FuncCallStep

Call a Java Function (input type inferred).

function(ai::answer).exportAs("answer")

function(Function<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Call a Java Function with explicit input type.

function(pricing::quote, QuoteRequest.class)

function(String name, Function<T,R> fn)

FuncCallStep

Named Java function call (input inferred).

function("quote", pricing::quote)

function(String name, Function<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Named + explicit input type.

function("classify", nlp::classify, Text.class)

withContext(JavaContextFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Call with workflow context (payload, ctx) → result.

withContext((payload, ctx) → svc.do(ctx, payload), Input.class)

withContext(String name, JavaContextFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Named context-aware call.

withContext("withCtx", svc::withCtx, Input.class)

withInstanceId(InstanceIdBiFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Call with workflow instance id (instanceId, payload) → result.

withInstanceId((id,p) → agent.run(id,p), Prompt.class)

withInstanceId(String name, InstanceIdBiFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Named (instanceId, payload) call.

withInstanceId("agent", agent::run, Prompt.class)

withFilter(JavaFilterFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Call that can see both workflow and task context (payload, wctx, tctx) → result.

withFilter((payload, wctx, tctx) → audit(payload, wctx, tctx), Event.class)

withFilter(String name, JavaFilterFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Named context+task-aware call.

withFilter("auditFilter", auditFn, Event.class)

withUniqueId(UniqueIdBiFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Call with a stable unique id (uniqueId, payload) → result, where uniqueId = "<instanceId>-<taskJsonPointer>".

withUniqueId((uid,p) → tool.call(uid,p), Prompt.class)

withUniqueId(String name, UniqueIdBiFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Named unique-id-aware call.

withUniqueId("toolCall", (uid,p) → tool.call(uid,p), Prompt.class)

agent(UniqueIdBiFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Sugar for “agent-style” calls that need a memory id (the unique id described above).

agent(criticAgent::critique, String.class)

agent(String name, UniqueIdBiFunction<T,R> fn, Class<T> inClass)

FuncCallStep

Named agent call.

agent("criticAgent", criticAgent::critique, String.class)

consume(Consumer<T> consumer, Class<T> inClass)

ConsumeStep

Fire-and-forget side-effect. No data is exported; only effects.

consume(msg → mail.send(msg), Email.class)

consume(String name, Consumer<T> consumer, Class<T> inClass)

ConsumeStep

Named side-effect.

consume("audit", audit::log, Event.class)

emit(Consumer<FuncEmitTaskBuilder> cfg)

EmitStep

Low-level emit using the CloudEvent builder.

emit(e → e.type("org.acme.created"))

emit(String name, Consumer<FuncEmitTaskBuilder> cfg)

EmitStep

Named low-level emit.

emit("publish", e → e.type("org.acme.created"))

emit(String type, Function<T,CloudEventData> bodyFn)

EmitStep

Emit event; body encoded via T → CloudEventData.

emit("org.acme.ready", DataMappers::toCloudEvent)

emit(String name, String type, Function<T,CloudEventData> bodyFn)

EmitStep

Named variant.

emit("notify","org.acme.ready", DataMappers::toCloudEvent)

emit(String type, Function<T,byte[]> serializer, Class<T> inClass)

EmitStep

Custom bytes payload from T → byte[] (no explicit ObjectMapper).

emit("org.acme.raw", Ser::toBytes, Payload.class)

emit(String name, String type, Function<T,byte[]> serializer, Class<T> inClass)

EmitStep

Named custom bytes emit.

emit("binaryOut","org.acme.raw", Ser::toBytes, Payload.class)

emitJson(String type, Class<T> inClass)

EmitStep

Emit JSON CloudEvent for POJO input (content-type application/json).

emitJson("org.acme.review.required", Review.class)

emitJson(String name, String type, Class<T> inClass)

EmitStep

Named JSON emit.

emitJson("draftReady","org.acme.newsletter.review", Review.class)

listen(FuncListenSpec spec)

ListenStep

Listen using a spec (e.g., toOne, toAny, toAll).

listen(toAny("org.acme.done", "org.acme.skipped"))

listen(String name, FuncListenSpec spec)

ListenStep

Named listen.

listen("waitHuman", toOne("org.acme.review.done"))

switchCase(Consumer<FuncSwitchTaskBuilder> switchConsumer)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Low-level switch (builder consumer).

switchCase(sw → sw.on(c → c.when(".flag").then("ok")).onDefault("fallback"))

switchCase(String taskName, Consumer<FuncSwitchTaskBuilder> switchConsumer)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Named low-level switch.

switchCase("route", sw → sw.on(…​).onDefault(…​))

switchCase(SwitchCaseConfigurer…​ cases)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Switch composed from caseOf(…​) and caseDefault(…​).

switchCase(cases(caseOf(p).then("A"), caseDefault("B")))

switchCase(String taskName, SwitchCaseConfigurer…​ cases)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Named switch composed from cases.

switchCase("route", caseOf(p).then("A"), caseDefault("B"))

switchWhen(Predicate<T> pred, String thenTask, Class<T> predClass)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Typed single-case jump.

switchWhen((HumanReview h) → h.needsRevision(), "revise", HumanReview.class)

switchWhen(String jqExpr, String thenTask)

FuncTaskConfigurer

JQ expression single-case jump.

switchWhen(".score >= 80", "send")

switchWhenOrElse(Predicate<T> pred, String thenTask, String otherwiseTask, Class<T> predClass)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Typed single-case + default task.

switchWhenOrElse(h → !ok(h), "fix", "abort", HumanReview.class)

switchWhenOrElse(Predicate<T> pred, String thenTask, FlowDirectiveEnum otherwiseDirective, Class<T> predClass)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Typed single-case + default directive (END, CONTINUE, …​).

switchWhenOrElse(h → ok(h), "ok", FlowDirectiveEnum.END, HumanReview.class)

switchWhenOrElse(String jqExpr, String thenTask, String otherwiseTask)

FuncTaskConfigurer

JQ single-case + default task.

switchWhenOrElse(".approved", "ship", "reject")

switchWhenOrElse(String jqExpr, String thenTask, FlowDirectiveEnum otherwiseDirective)

FuncTaskConfigurer

JQ single-case + directive.

switchWhenOrElse(".approved", "ship", FlowDirectiveEnum.END)

forEach(Function<T,Collection<?>> collectionFn, Consumer<FuncTaskItemListBuilder> body)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Iterate over a collection computed from the current input.

forEachOrder o) → o.items(), inner → inner.tasks(set("{ item: . }")

forEach(Collection<?> collection, Consumer<FuncTaskItemListBuilder> body)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Iterate over a constant collection.

forEach(List.of(1,2,3), inner → inner.tasks(set("{ n: . }")))

forEach(List<E> list, Consumer<FuncTaskItemListBuilder> body)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Iterate over a constant list (convenience).

forEach(List.of(user1,user2), inner → inner.tasks(set("{ user: . }")))

tasks(FuncTaskConfigurer…​ steps)

Consumer<FuncTaskItemListBuilder>

Group multiple steps/configurers (useful inside forEach).

tasks(set("{x:1}"), function(svc::op), emitJson("org.acme.done", Result.class))

http()

FuncCallHttpStep

Start a fluent HTTP call spec (method, headers, body, etc.). Pass it directly to .tasks(…​) or through call("name", http(…​)) to force a name.

http().GET().endpoint("https://service/api").acceptJSON()

http(String name)

FuncCallHttpStep

Named HTTP call spec.

http("fetchUsers").GET().endpoint("https://service/users")

http(String urlExpr, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

HTTP spec preconfigured with endpoint expression + auth.

http("http://service/api", auth → auth.use("my-auth")).GET()

http(URI url, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

HTTP spec preconfigured with a concrete URI + auth.

http(URI.create("https://service/api"), auth → auth.use("default"))

get(String endpoint)

FuncCallHttpStep

Convenience HTTP GET spec (unnamed) for a string endpoint.

get("https://service/health")

get(String name, String endpoint)

FuncCallHttpStep

Named GET spec for a string endpoint.

get("checkHealth", "https://service/health")

get(String endpoint, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

GET with auth (unnamed).

get("https://service/users", auth → auth.use("users-auth"))

get(String name, String endpoint, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

Named GET with auth.

get("fetchUsers", "https://service/users", auth → auth.use("users-auth"))

get(URI endpoint)

FuncCallHttpStep

GET for a concrete URI (unnamed).

get(URI.create("https://service/health"))

get(String name, URI endpoint)

FuncCallHttpStep

Named GET for a concrete URI.

get("health", URI.create("https://service/health"))

get(URI endpoint, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

GET for a URI with auth (unnamed).

get(URI.create("https://service/api"), auth → auth.use("api-auth"))

get(String name, URI endpoint, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

Named GET for a URI with auth.

get("fetchApi", URI.create("https://service/api"), auth → auth.use("api-auth"))

post(Object body, String endpointExpr)

FuncCallHttpStep

POST spec (unnamed) with body and string endpoint.

post(Map.of("name","Ricardo"), "https://service/users")

post(String name, Object body, String endpointExpr)

FuncCallHttpStep

Named POST spec.

post("createUser", user, "https://service/users")

post(Object body, String endpointExpr, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

POST with body + auth (unnamed).

post(payload, "https://service/users", auth → auth.use("users-auth"))

post(String name, Object body, String endpointExpr, AuthenticationConfigurer auth)

FuncCallHttpStep

Named POST with body + auth.

post("createUser", payload, "https://service/users", auth → auth.use("users-auth"))

call(FuncCallHttpStep spec)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Attach an HTTP spec as a task (unnamed or using its internal name).

call(http().GET().endpoint("https://service/ping"))

call(String name, FuncCallHttpStep spec)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Attach an HTTP spec as a named task (overrides internal name).

call("pingService", http().GET().endpoint("https://service/ping"))

call(FuncCallHttpConfigurer configurer)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Low-level HTTP call based on a builder configurer.

call(b → b.GET().endpoint("https://service/ping"))

call(String name, FuncCallHttpConfigurer configurer)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Named low-level HTTP call.

call("pingService", b → b.GET().endpoint("https://service/ping"))

openapi()

FuncCallOpenAPIStep

Start a fluent OpenAPI call spec (document, operation, params, auth, etc.).

openapi().document("https://petstore3.swagger.io/api/v3/openapi.json").operation("findPetById")

openapi(String name)

FuncCallOpenAPIStep

Named OpenAPI spec.

openapi("findPet").document("…​").operation("findPetById")

call(FuncCallOpenAPIStep spec)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Attach an OpenAPI spec as a task (unnamed or using its internal name).

call(openapi().document("…​").operation("findPetById"))

call(String name, FuncCallOpenAPIStep spec)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Attach an OpenAPI spec as a named task (overrides internal name).

call("fetchPet", openapi().document("…​").operation("findPetById"))

call(FuncCallOpenAPIConfigurer configurer)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Low-level OpenAPI call based on a builder configurer.

call(b → b.document("…​").operation("findPetById"))

call(String name, FuncCallOpenAPIConfigurer configurer)

FuncTaskConfigurer

Named low-level OpenAPI call.

call("fetchPet", b → b.document("…​").operation("findPetById"))
Helpers that help you build specs for emit/listen/switch/HTTP/OpenAPI but are not task providers themselves:

  • Events & listen: event(…​), eventJson(…​), eventBytes(…​), to(), toOne(…​), toAny(…​), toAll(…​)

  • Switch helpers: cases(…​), caseOf(…​), caseDefault(…​)

You pass the resulting steps/specs (e.g. listen(…​), emitJson(…​), openapi(), http(), get(…​), post(…​)) into .tasks(…​).

Data flow and transformations

Quarkus Flow follows the Serverless Workflow Specification data-flow model: every step can shape what it extracts as input, how it transforms its direct result, and what it merges back into the global context.

This section is only a quick reference. For a full explanation, context-aware Java functions, and more examples, see Data flow and context management.

inputFrom(…​) — what the task extracts from the context

Choose which slice of the global workflow context a task receives as input.

  • jq:

    function(pricing::quote, QuoteRequest.class)
  .inputFrom("$.cart.quoteRequest")

  • Java (with domain type):

    function(pricing::quote, QuoteRequest.class)
  .inputFrom((MyCheckout ctx) -> ctx.quoteRequest(), MyCheckout.class)

outputAs(…​) — transforming the direct task result

Shape the direct result returned by the task before it is merged back into the workflow context.

  • jq:

    function(nlp::classify, Text.class)
  .outputAs("{ sentiment: ., reviewed: false }")

  • Java:

    agent("investmentAnalyst", analyst::analyse, InvestmentMemo.class)
  .outputAs(memo -> Map.of("memo", memo), InvestmentMemo.class);

exportAs(…​) — merging back into the global context

Dictate how the task’s (optionally transformed) output is merged into the global workflow context for downstream tasks to use.

  • Java:

    agent("draftNewsletter", drafter::draft, Draft.class)
  .exportAs((draft, wfContext) -> {
      var current = (NewsletterContext) wfContext.currentData();
      return current.withDraft(draft);
  }, Draft.class);

End-to-end example (agentic + HITL + transforms)

Workflow w = workflow("intelligent-newsletter")
  .tasks(
    // 1) Draft Agent: Extracts the prompt, generates draft, merges back to context
    agent("draftAgent", drafterAgent::draft, String.class)
      .inputFrom("$.seedPrompt")
      .exportAs("{ draft: . }"),

    // 2) Critique Agent: Extracts only the draft, returns a composite status
    agent("criticAgent", criticAgent::critique, String.class)
      .inputFrom("$.draft")
      .exportAs(r -> Map.of("review", r, "status", r.needsRevision() ? "REVISION" : "OK")),

    // 3) Emit review request for human oversight
    emitJson("org.acme.newsletter.review.required", CriticAgentReview.class),

    // 4) Wait for human review; transform the raw event collection into a single result
    listen("waitHumanReview", toOne("org.acme.newsletter.review.done"))
      .outputAs((java.util.Collection<Object> c) -> c.iterator().next()),

    // 5) Branch: revision loop or final send based on human input
    switchWhenOrElse(
      (HumanReview h) -> ReviewStatus.NEEDS_REVISION.equals(h.status()),
      "draftAgent",
      "sendNewsletter",
      HumanReview.class
    ),

    // 6) Final side-effect
    consume("sendNewsletter",
      (HumanReview reviewedDraft) ->
        mailService.send("subscribers@acme.finance.org", "Weekly Newsletter", reviewedDraft.draft()),
      HumanReview.class
    )
  )
  .build();

Tips

  • Prefer static imports: workflow, set, function, withContext, withFilter, withUniqueId, agent, emitJson, listen, switchWhenOrElse, consume, to, event, http, get, post, openapi, call.

  • Name tasks you branch to: stable task names make switchWhen* targets explicit and work well with withUniqueId/agent memory ids.

  • Keep transformations close to the step that needs them (inputFrom, exportAs, outputAs) for readability.

  • HTTP/OpenAPI: you can either:

    • use fluent specs directly as steps: tasks(http().GET().endpoint("…​")), or

    • wrap them with call("name", http().GET()…​) / call("name", openapi().operation("…​")) to force an explicit task name.

  • Remember: the workflow context is often JSON; your domain objects are (de)serialized via Jackson, so you can keep typed payloads in your steps while still using jq for quick projections.

See also